Nigeria Bets on AI to Transform Public Healthcare

Nigeria Expands Use of Artificial Intelligence to Strengthen Healthcare Delivery

By Favour Borokinni

Nigeria has taken a significant step toward modernizing its healthcare system by approving the large-scale deployment of artificial intelligence (AI) diagnostic tools across public hospitals, according to a recent report by HealthTech Africa (HealthTech Africa, 2026). The initiative, supported by the Federal Ministry of Health, aims to improve early disease detection and reduce pressure on overstretched medical professionals.

Under the new program, AI-powered systems will be used to analyze medical images such as X-rays, CT scans, and ultrasounds. These tools are designed to detect conditions including tuberculosis, breast cancer, and cardiovascular diseases at earlier stages, increasing the chances of successful treatment. Pilot projects have already been launched in teaching hospitals in Lagos, Abuja, and Ibadan.

The technology works by training algorithms on thousands of medical records, allowing the system to recognize patterns that may be missed by human eyes. Health officials say this is particularly important in rural areas where there is a shortage of specialists. With AI-assisted diagnosis, healthcare workers can make faster and more accurate decisions, even with limited resources (World Health Innovation Report, 2026).

The potential benefits are wide-ranging. Improved diagnostics could lower mortality rates, reduce treatment costs, and expand access to quality healthcare for underserved populations. AI systems can also help hospitals manage patient data more efficiently, improving record keeping and reducing medical errors.

However, experts warn that challenges remain. Concerns over data privacy, algorithm bias, and the high cost of implementing AI systems could limit their effectiveness if not carefully regulated. There are also fears that overreliance on technology could reduce human judgment in critical medical decisions (HealthTech Africa, 2026).

Nigeria’s move reflects a growing trend among developing countries to embrace digital health solutions. If properly managed, AI-driven healthcare could transform medical services across the country, bridging gaps in access and improving outcomes for millions. As with any technological shift, the success of this initiative will depend on strong regulation, ethical safeguards, and sustained investment in both technology and human expertise.